행정학은 총론부터 각론까지 그 양이 방대하여 많은 수험생들은 수험 초반부터 이에 대한 걱정이 많습니다.

하지만 ‘학자’가 아닌 ‘수험생’은 시험에 합격하는 것이 목적이라는 것을 잊으면 안 됩니다. 처음부터 ‘완벽한 이해’에 집착하거나 지엽적인 부분까지 모두 암기하려고 하면 초반에 의욕을 잃고 지치게 됩니다. 수험생에게는 ‘시험에 합격하기 위한 학습’이 필요합니다. 이 교재 또한 여기에 방점을 두고 제작하였습니다.

1. 시험에 나오는 내용으로 구성

행정학의 양은 방대하지만 ‘기출되는’ 행정학의 양은 그렇지 않기 때문에 최소한의 학습으로 득점을 하는 것이 중요합니다. 행정학은 자주 출제되는 주제가 수년동안 반복 출제되는 경향을 보입니다. 또한 이전에 출제된 지문이 그대로 출제되거나 약간만 수정되어 출제되는 경우도 많습니다. 따라서 이 책의 기본 내용은 시험에 출제된 내용을 중심으로 제작하였으며 그 설명도 기출 되었던 지문을 그대로 활용하였습니다. 시험에서 불필요한 내용은 최소로 하면서 꼭 필요한 내용만 담았기 때문에 효율적인 학습이 가능할 것입니다.

2. 최근 출제경향 반영

행정학 기출문제를 살펴보면, 2000년대 초반부터 현재까지 계속해서 자주 출제되는 주제가 있는가 하면 최근에 출제되기 시작한 주제들이 있습니다. 이는 행정학의 연구 트렌드를 반영한 것입니다. 사회가 변화함에 따라 행정학도 변화·발전하고 있으며, 최근 학자들에게 주목받는 행정학 이슈, 이론 등이 객관식 시험에도 출제

되고 있습니다. 이러한 최근 트렌드를 캐치하여 교재에 반영하였습니다.

3. 즉시 복습 및 이해도 체크가 가능한 OX 수록

교재내용에 대해서 자주 출제되는 OX 또는 고난이도로 출제되었던 OX를 양 옆에 수록하여 각 주제를 학습한 뒤 자신의 이해도를 즉시 체크할 수 있도록 구성하였습니다. OX를 통해 즉각적인 복습을 하고, 자신이 이해가 부족한 부분은 바로 체크하여 재학습 또는 질문을 통해 보충할 수 있도록 구성하였습니다.

4. 최신 기출문제 수록

실제 기출문제를 풀어보면서 실전감각을 익히도록 하기 위해서 각 파트의 마지막에 테마별로 최신 기출문제를 수록하였습니다. 이 기출문제는 출제경향을 분석하여 최근에 자주 출제되는 유형을 선별적으로 수록하였습니다. 파트가 끝날 때마다 실전감각을 키우는 동시에 실력을 체크하고 자신의 약점을 돌아보고는 시간을 가져야 합니다.

모든 수험은 ‘시간싸움’이라고 해도 과언이 아닙니다. 누구에게나 제한된 시간을 효율적으로 활용하여야 합니다. 그리고 대부분의 시험은 행정학이 단독으로 출제되는 것도 아니므로 다른 과목의 공부시간도 확보해야 합니다. 이러한 점을 고려하면 행정학 공부에서 지엽적인 내용에 집착하면 절대 안 됩니다. 간혹 지엽적이거나 생소한 주제가 출제되는 경우가 있지만 이러한 주제는 본인뿐만 아니라 대부분의 수험생이 잘 모르기 때문에 두려움을 가질 필요가 없습니다. 출제되는 모든 문제를 맞히겠다는 접근이 아니라 ‘반드시 출제되는’ 핵심문제를 모두 맞추겠다는 접근을 하셔야 훨씬 효율적인 학습이 가능하며 수험에서의 스트레스도 줄일 수 있습니다. 이 책은 이러한 접근에 효과적인 방향으로 제작되었습니다. 이 책을 통하여 많은 수험생 여러분이 합격에 한 걸음 더 다가가시기를 바랍니다.

아울러, 이 책이 완성되기까지 도움을 주신 많은 분들께 감사드립니다.

정한아

 PART Ⅰ. 행정학의 기초 ····························································································11

CHAPTER 1. 행정과 행정학의 발달 ············································································12

01. 행정의 본질 ·········································································································12

02. 행정학의 학문적 성격 ···························································································19

03. 행정의 기능 ·········································································································21

04. 행정과 환경 ·········································································································22

05. 행정학의 성립과 발달 ···························································································25

06. 현대행정국가와 신행정국가 ···················································································28

CHAPTER 2. 현대행정의 이해 ····················································································28

07. 정부와 시장 ·········································································································31

08. 정부규제와 규제개혁 ····························································································52

CHAPTER 3. 행정학의 주요 이론 ···············································································60

09. 행정학의 접근방법 ·······························································································60

10. 과학적 관리론과 인간관계론 ··················································································62

11. 행정행태론 ··········································································································65

12. 생태론과 체제론, 비교행정론 ·················································································67

13. 발전행정론과 신행정론 ·························································································72

14. 공공선택론 ··········································································································75

15. 신제도론 ·············································································································81

16. 후기행태론적 접근방법 ·························································································86

17. 신공공관리론(NPM; New Public Management) ······················································94

18. 뉴거버넌스(New Governance, 신국정관리론) ························································100

19. 신공공서비스론(NPS; New Public Service) ··························································104

20. 행정환경의 변화에 따른 다양한 시도 ····································································107

21. 행정의 이념 ·······································································································111

CHAPTER 4. 행정의 가치와 이념 ··············································································111

22. 행정의 본질적 가치 ····························································································113

23. 행정의 수단적 가치 ····························································································122

PART Ⅱ. 정책학 ·····································································································147

CHAPTER 1. 정책학의 개관 ·····················································································148

24. 정책이해의 기초 ·································································································148

25. 정책의 구성요소 ·································································································151

26. 정책의 유형 ·······································································································153

CHAPTER 2. 정책의제설정 및 정책결정에 대한 시각 ··················································157

27. 정책의제설정 ·····································································································157

28. 정책 참여자 간 관계 ···························································································162

CHAPTER 3. 정책결정론 ··························································································172

29. 정책결정의 의의 ·································································································172

30. 정책결정의 과정과 정책분석 ················································································174

31. 정책결정모형 ·····································································································189

CHAPTER 4. 정책집행론 ··························································································205

32. 정책집행의 본질 ·································································································205

33. 책집행의 본질 ····································································································207

CHAPTER 5. 정책평가론 ··························································································216

34. 정책평가 ···········································································································216

35. 정책변동 ···········································································································226

CHAPTER 6. 기획론 ································································································229

36. 기획의 의의와 과정 ····························································································229

37. 기획의 유형과 제약요인 232

PART Ⅲ. 행정조직론 ·······························································································249

CHAPTER 1. 조직의 기초이론 ··················································································250

38. 조직의 의의와 유형 ····························································································250

39. 조직이론의 변천 ·································································································255

40. 조직의 일반적(고전적) 원리 - Gulick ···································································258

CHAPTER 2. 조직구조론 ··························································································262

41. 조직구조 ···········································································································262

42. 관료제 ···············································································································272

43. 탈(후기)관료제(post-bureaucratism) ···································································276

44. 위원회(합의제 행정기관) ······················································································283

45. 우리나라 정부조직 ······························································································286

46. 책임운영기관 ·····································································································289

47. 공기업 ···············································································································292

CHAPTER 3. 조직과 환경 ························································································296

48. 거시조직이론 ·····································································································296

49. 환경의 유형과 조직전략 ······················································································300

CHAPTER 4. 조직행태론 ··························································································302

50. 인간관의 변화 ····································································································302

51. 동기부여이론 ·····································································································304

52. 리더십 이론 ·······································································································315

53. 조직 내 의사전달과 갈등관리 ··············································································324

54. 행정문화 ···········································································································330

CHAPTER 5. 혁신적 조직관리 ·················································································332

55. 조직관리 ·······························································································332

56. 조직의 성과관리 ·································································································335

PART Ⅳ. 인사행정론 ··········································································355

CHAPTER 1. 인사행정의 기초이론 및 제도 ·············································356

57. 인사행정의 의의 및 흐름 ····································································356

58. 인사행정의 발달 ··············································································358

59. 고위공무원단 ····················································································369

60. 중앙인사행정기관 ························································································373

CHAPTER 2. 공직의 분류 ··········································································377

61. 개방형과 폐쇄형 ··················································································377

62. 계급제와 직위분류제 ······················································381

63. 우리나라의 공직분류(경력직과 특수경력직) ··························································388

CHAPTER 3. 인적자원관리 (임용, 능력발전, 사기부여) ·············································390

64. 인력계획 및 임용 ························································································390

65. 공무원의 능력발전 ······················································395

66. 공무원의 근무성적평정 ······················································399

CHAPTER 4. 공무원의 사기와 보수 및 복지 ······································408

67. 공무원의 사기 ····································································408

68. 공무원의 보수와 연금 및 승진 ·································································412

CHAPTER 5. 공무원의 근무규율과 인사행정개혁 ······································422

69. 공무원의 신분보장과 신분보장의 제한 ·························································422

70. 공무원의 정치적 중립과 공무원단체 ··················································428

71. 공무원의 행정윤리와 공직부패 ······································································435

PART Ⅴ. 재무행정론 ·······································································457

CHAPTER 1. 재무행정의 기초 ··············································································458

72. 예산의 본질과 기능 ······································································458

73. 예산회계의 법적 기초 ························································································461

74. 정부회계제도 ·······························································································467

75. 재무행정조직 ·························································································473

76. 예산의 원칙 ·····················································································475

CHAPTER 2. 예산의 종류 및 분류 ··········································································478

77. 예산의 종류 - 일반회계?특별회계?기금 및 통합예산 ····························478

78. 예산의 종류(2) ·······················································································484

79. 예산의 분류 ··························································································489

CHAPTER 3. 예산결정이론 ·······················································································494

80. 예산결정의 전통적 접근방법 ···································································494

81. 기타 예산결정모형 ···························································498

CHAPTER 4. 예산제도의 발달과 개혁 ·························································500

82. 예산제도의 발달 ·····················································································500

83. 국가재정과 예산제도의 개혁 ·································································511

84. 재정민주주의 ······························································································515

CHAPTER 5. 예산의 과정 ····································································518

85. 예산의 편성과 심의 ·········································································518

86. 예산의 집행 ·························································································522

87. 결산 및 회계감사 ························································································530

PART Ⅵ. 행정환류론 ·················································································543

CHAPTER 1. 행정통제 ···························································································544

88. 행정책임과 행정통제 ························································································544

89. 옴부즈만제도와 민원처리제도 ········································································551

CHAPTER 2. 행정개혁론 ··················································································556

90. 행정개혁의 본질 ·····················································································556

91. 주요 국가의 행정개혁 ·······································································562

CHAPTER 3. 지식정보화와 행정 ······························································566

92. 지식정보화사회와 행정 ·········································································566

93. 정보공개제도와 지식행정론 ··························································575

PART Ⅶ. 지방행정론 ····················································································583

CHAPTER 1. 지방행정의 기초이론 ·························································584

94. 지방행정의 이념과 가치 ········································································584

95. 지방자치의 전개 ·························································································590

CHAPTER 2. 지방행정의 조직 ············································································596

96. 지방행정의 조직 ·························································································596

CHAPTER 3. 지방자치단체의 사무 ···········································································608

97. 지방자치단체의 사무 ·························································································608

CHAPTER 4. 지방자치단체와 국가의 관계 ····························································614

98. 정부 간 관계론(IGR) ··························································································614

99. 광역행정 ··························································································625

CHAPTER 5. 지방자치와 주민참여 ·····························································632

100. 지방자치와 주민참여 ·························································································632

CHAPTER 6. 지방자치단체의 재정 ································································641

101. 지방재정의 개요 ·························································································641

102. 지방재정조정제도 ··························································································649

103. 지방공기업 ·························································································655

 『2021 기출로 접근하는 정한아 행정학기본서』 편저자이다.