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2020 전공영어 최진호 영어학 Intermediate
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2020 전공영어 최진호 영어학 Intermediate

  • 최진호
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  • 북이그잼
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  • 2019-01-10 출간
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  • 306페이지
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  • 190 X 260 mm
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  • ISBN 9791156837466
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북스크린영상으로 만나보는 한 권의 책 이야기

출판사서평

2020 중등교원 임용고시 시험대비

 

전공영어 최고의 선택!

 

영어학 이론의 알짜배기

항상 그렇듯이, 중등영어 교원시험은 매년 영어학이 응시자의 합격 당락을 좌우하는 변별 과목이었습니다. 이 책은 그런 중요한 영어학에서 출제되는 내용만을 담은 군더더기 없는 교재입니다.

최진호 영어학 Intermediate는 다음과 같은 특징을 가진 교재로 만들었습니다.

1. 중급 수준의 기본서

1~2월 강의용 기본서는 너무 기본적인 내용만 담아서는 안 된다(수준이 낮아서는 안 된다)고 생각하기에 중급 이상의 내용도 넣었습니다. 기본서만으로도 시험 준비에 큰 도움이 되어야 한다고 생각합니다. 그렇게 내용을 구성하였고 그래서 책 제목에 Intermediate가 들어가 있습니다.

2. 기출년도 표시

각 개념에 기출년도를 표시하여 수험생이 일일이 기출여부를 조사해서 적어 넣어야 하는 번거로움을 없애고 편리함을 더했습니다.

3. Mind map

영어학 학습자는 현재 학습하는 내용이 전체적인 숲의 어느 부분인지 몰라서 ‘왜 이런 걸 배우나’

라고 생각하기 십상입니다. 전체 숲을 보는 것은 각 내용을 암기하는 데에도 큰 도움을 줍니다.

각 챕터의 시작 부분에 mind map이 있어서 숲을 볼 수 있게 해 줍니다. 복습할 때 mind map을

수시로 보고 정리를 하는 게 좋습니다. mind map은 일부러 자세하게는 만들지 않았습니다. 수험

생 여러분이 복습하면서 mind map을 더 자세하게 그려서 보관해 두면 나중에 자신만의 큰 무기

가 될 것입니다.

기출된 개념들은 mind map에 파란 깃발로 표시해서 <뭣이 중헌지> 한 눈에 파악할 수 있게 했습니다.

영어학은 이해하는 것도 암기하는 것도 어렵기에 여러 번 반복해서 책을 읽는 게 좋습니다.

이 책이 중등 영어교사가 되기 위해 치르는 교원시험에 큰 도움이 되길 바랍니다.

목차


Chapter 01 Phonology
01 Consonants ···· 27
1. The Vocal Tract ····· 28
2. Place of Articulation ········· 29
⑴ Bilabial ····· 29
⑵ Labiodental ········· 30
⑶ Interdental ··········· 30
⑷ Alveolar ··· 30
⑸ Palatal ······ 31
⑹ Velar ········· 31
⑺ Glottal ······ 31
3. Manner of Articulation ····· 32
⑴ Stops ········· 32
⑵ Fricatives · 33
⑶ Affricates · 33
⑷ Nasals ······· 33
⑸ Liquids ····· 33
⑹ Glides (= Semi-vowels) ··34
02 Vowels ··· 34
1. Vowels ··········· 34
⑴ Tongue Height ··· 34
⑵ Tongue Advancement ·· 35
⑶ Tenseness 35
⑷ Lip Rounding ····· 35
2. Diphthongs ··· 36
03 Distinctive Features ······· 38
1. Distinctive Features 1 ······ 38
⑴ Syllabic (syl) ······ 38
⑵ Sonorant (son) ··· 38
⑶ Consonantal (cons) ······· 38
⑷ Continuant (cont) ·········· 38
⑸ Strident (str) ······· 39
⑹ Delayed Release (d.r.) · 39
⑺ Nasal (nas) ·········· 39
⑻ Lateral (lat) ········· 40
⑼ Anterior (ant) ····· 40
⑽ Coronal (cor) ····· 40
⑾ Dorsal ······· 41
2. Distinctive Features 2 ······ 44
⑴ Distinctive Features: ···· 44
Major classes [Sonorant], [Continuant] and [Consonantal]
04 Phonemes vs. Allophones ···· 45
1. Finding phonemes and allophones [Distribution of Sounds] ··· 48
⑴ Minimal pairs and contrastive distribution ··········· 48
⑵ Complementary Distribution ·· 50
⑶ Free variation ····· 51
2. Diacritical Marks ···· 52
05 Consonant Allophones · 52
1. Aspiration ····· 52
2. Glottal Stop Replacement [Glottalization] ··· 55
3. Velar Nasal /ŋ/ ········ 56
4. Clear l and Dark l ·· 57
⑴ Velarized /l/ = dark [?] ········· 58
5. Syllabic Consonants ········ 60
⑴ Syllabic Nasals ·· 60
⑵ Syllabic Liquids 60
06 Syllables ··········· 62
1. The Syllable Structure ····· 62
2. Sonority Sequencing Principle · 62
3. Syllabification ·········· 65
4. Phonotactics ········· 66
⑴ Onset constraints ··········· 66
5. Accidental and systematic gaps ········· 68
07 Stress ····· 69
1. Word Stress · 69
2. Suffixes & Stress ··· 70
⑴ Stress-bearing (attracting) suffixes ·· 70
⑵ Stress-neutral suffixes ·· 71
⑶ Stress-shifting (fixing) suffixes ········ 72
3. Sentence Stress [Tonic Accent] 74
⑴ Content vs. Function Words · 74
⑵ Placement of main stress in sentences ····· 75
⑶ Contrastive stress ·········· 76
4. Emphatic Stress ···· 76
5. Stress Shift ·· 77
6. Foot ····· 78
7. Full Forms and Reduced Forms ········· 79
08 Intonation ········ 81
1. What is intonation? ··········· 81
2. Final intonation ······· 81
⑴ Rising-falling intonation ········· 81
⑵ Rising intonation ··········· 82
3. Non-final intonation ·········· 83
⑴ Rising-falling intonation ········· 83
⑵ Continuation rise ··········· 84
4. Tag questions ········· 85
09 Phonological Processes ········· 86
1. Assimilation · 86
⑴ Progressive assimilation ·········· 86
⑵ Regressive assimilation ··········· 87
⑶ Coalescent assimilation ··········· 90
⑷ Total assimilation [Gemination] ······· 91
2. Dissimilation 92
⑴ fricative dissimilation ·· 92
⑵ -al suffix · 92
3. Deletion ········· 93
⑴ Consonant Cluster Reduction (CCR) ········· 93
⑵ /t/-deletion in /nt/ sequence ·· 94
⑶ /g/-deletion ·········· 94
⑷ /b/-deletion ·········· 95
4. Insertion [Epenthesis] ······ 95
5. Metathesis ···· 96
6. Haplology ····· 96
7. Neutralization ·········· 97
⑴ Vowel Reduction [Schwa Rule] ······ 97
⑵ Flapping ··· 99
⑶ Glottalization ······ 100
10 Phonological Rules ········· 101
1. Format & Notation 101
⑴ Parenthesis Notation ···· 101
⑵ Brace Notation ·· 102
⑶ Alpha Notation ·· 102
2. Dentalization ··········· 102
3. Labiodentalization · 103
4. Devoicing ····· 104
5. Velarization ·· 104
6. Vowel Lengthening ··········· 106
7. Vowel Nasalization ··········· 107

Chapter 02 Morphology
01 Basic Concepts & Derivation ······· 112
1. Free and bound morphemes ···· 112
⑴ derivational morphemes vs. inflectional morphemes ···· 112
2. Content Words and Function Words · 113
3. Roots and Stems ·· 114
4. Allomorphs ··· 115
⑴ Plural Morpheme {-S} ··········· 115
⑵ Past Tense {-D} ··········· 116
5. The Hierarchical Structure of Derived Words ······· 116
02 Constraints on Derivation ···· 117
1. Accidental Gaps vs. Systematic Gaps ········· 117
2. -en suffix ······· 118
3. -al suffix ········· 119
4. Class 1 vs. Class 2 Suffixes ····· 120
5. un- prefix (semantic constraint) ·········· 122
03 Word-Formation Processes · 123
1. Compounds · 123
⑴ Ambiguity ··········· 125
⑵ Exocentric and Endocentric Compounds ·· 125
⑶ Stress in Compounds vs. Phrases ··· 126
2. Blends 127
3. Clipping ········· 127
4. Acronyms ····· 128
5. Initialisms [(Alphabetic) abbreviations] ········ 128
6. Conversion ·· 128
7. Back Formation ····· 129
8. Coinage ········· 130
9. Word from Names (Eponyms) · 130

Chapter 03 Syntax
01 Predicates, Arguments and Thematic Roles ······ 134
1. Predicates and arguments ········ 134
2. Thematic Roles ······ 134
[θ-roles, Thematic Relations, Semantic Roles]
⑴ Nonreferential it and there ··· 136
3. Selectional Restrictions ·· 136
02 X-Bar Theory ··········· 137
1. Heads, Complements and Specifiers ··········· 137
2. Adjuncts ········ 138
⑴ Adjuncts can be optional. ····· 139
⑵ Adjuncts can be stacked. ······· 139
⑶ Complements, not adjuncts, are closer to the Head ···· 139
3. Subcategorization · 142
4. Complements and Adjuncts ····· 143
⑴ Complements and Adjuncts in NPs ··········· 143
⑵ Complements and Adjuncts in VPs ··········· 146
⑶ Clausal Complements vs. Clausal Adjuncts ········ 147
03 Clauses · 149
1. Raising and Control Constructions ···· 149
2. Differences between Raising and Control Verbs · 152
⑴ Subject Raising and Control 152
⑵ Object Raising and Control ·· 155
3. Infinitival Complementation ······ 156
⑴ Believe Verbs: Subject-to-Object Raising · 157
⑵ Want Verbs ········ 159
⑶ Persuade Verbs: Object Control ····· 160
4. Complementizers that, for, whether, if ········· 162
5. Complementizers whether vs. if ········· 163
04 Ambiguity ········ 164
1. Syntactic Ambiguity ·········· 164
2. Lexical Ambiguity ·· 166
3. Lexico-Syntactic Ambiguity ······· 166
05 Constituency Tests ········ 169
1. Movement ···· 169
⑴ Topicalization (= Preposing) · 170
⑵ VP-Preposing ····· 170
⑶ Though-Movement ········ 171
⑴ Heavy-NP-Shift ·· 171
⑵ Extraposition from NP ··········· 172
2. Substitution ·· 172
⑴ Proform Substitution ···· 172
⑵ One-Substitution 173
⑶ Do so-Substitution ········ 175
3. Coordination 176
⑴ Ordinary Coordination 176
⑵ Right Node Raising ····· 176
4. Cleft and Pseudocleft Sentences ······· 177
5. (Adverb) Insertion · 177
6. The Constituent Response Test ········· 178
06 Syntactic Argumentation ······· 178
1. Phrasal Verbs vs. Prepositional Verbs ········ 178
⑴ Movement ··········· 179
⑵ Coordination ······· 179
⑶ Shared Constituent Coordination Test ······· 179
⑷ Sentence Fragment ······· 179
⑸ (VP-Adverb) Insertion · 180
⑹ Gapping [V-Deletion] ·· 180
⑺ Clefting ···· 180
⑻ Word Order ········ 181
⑼ Stress Pattern ····· 181
2. Binding Theory ······· 181
⑴ Anaphors (Reflexives & Reciprocals) ······· 182
⑵ Pronominals [(Personal) Pronouns] · 183
3. Case Theory ··········· 184
⑴ Case Filter and Adjacency Requirement ·· 184
⑵ NOMINATIVE and ACCUSATIVE case · 185
⑶ Adjectives and Nouns · 187
Chapter 04 Grammar
01 Determiners ·· 200
1. Determiners · 200
⑴ order restriction · 200
⑵ co-occurrence restriction ········· 200
2. Genitives ······ 201
⑴ Meanings of Genitives ··········· 201
⑵ Double Genitive 201
02 Adjectives ······· 202
1. Stative and Dynamic Adjectives ········· 202
2. Relative Clauses ··· 203
⑴ Punctuation ········· 204
⑵ Modification of a proper nouns ······ 204
⑶ Modification of any, every, no, etc. ·········· 204
⑷ That as relative pronoun ······· 204
⑸ Stacking ··· 204
⑹ Sentence modification · 205
3. Verbal Participles vs. Adjectival Participles ··········· 205
4. Unmarked and Marked Adjectives ····· 206
5. Attributive-Only Adjectives ········ 208
⑴ Adjectives of Degree ·· 208
⑵ Quantifying Adjectives ··········· 208
⑶ Adjectives of Time and Location ··· 209
⑷ Associative Adjectives 209
6. Predicative-Only Adjectives ······ 209
⑴ Adjectives Beginning with the Prefix A- 210
⑵ Adjective That Take Complements 210
⑶ Adjectives Referring to Medical Conditions or Health ··········· 210
03 Adverbials ······ 211
1. Subjuncts ····· 211
⑴ Viewpoint subjuncts ···· 211
⑵ Courtesy subjuncts ······· 211
⑶ Item subjuncts ··· 212
2. Disjuncts ······· 213
⑴ Style disjuncts ··· 213
⑵ Content disjuncts ·········· 214
04 Pronouns ········· 216
1. Reference ···· 216
05 Verb Complementation ··········· 217
1. That-Complements ··········· 217
2. Infinitival Complements ·· 217
⑴ Type 1 Complements: Persuade verbs ····· 217
⑵ Type 2 Complements: Want verbs · 218
⑶ Type 3 Complements: Believe verbs ········· 219
06 Tense and Aspect ·········· 221
1. Present Perfect vs. Simple Past ········· 221
⑴ Anteriority: definite or indefinite time ······ 221
⑵ Time Adjuncts and the Present Perfect Aspect · 222
⑶ Current Relevance ········ 223
2. Will vs. Be going to ··········· 223
3. The present tense in adverbial clauses ······· 225
⑴ will+R → the present tense · 225
⑵ will have pp → have pp ······ 225
4. Stative Progressives ········ 226
⑴ Giving statements more emotional strength and intensity ······ 226
⑵ Focusing on behavior as a change from the norm ······ 226
⑶ Focusing on evolving change ·········· 227
⑷ Hedging or softening a definitive opinion ·········· 227
5. Lexical Aspects of Verbs ⑴ ····· 228
⑴ States ········ 228
⑵ Activities · 228
⑶ Accomplishments ·········· 229
⑷ Achievements ····· 229
6 Lexical Aspects of Verbs ⑵ ······· 234
⑴ Aspectual Classes ········· 234
⑵ Diagnostic Tests for Lexical Aspects ········ 235
07 Passive Voice ········· 238
1. Semantic Constraints on Using the Passive ········· 238
2. Get Passives ··········· 239
3. Past Participles: Adjectives or Passive? ····· 240
4. Ergative Verbs [Unaccusative Verbs] ··········· 241
5. Middle Verbs ··········· 244
08 Negation ·········· 245
1. Clausal Negation ··· 245
⑴ Subject-Auxiliary Inversion ··· 246
2. Local Negation ······· 246
3. Syntactic features of clausal negation ········· 246
4. Nonassertive items [NPIs] ········· 248
5. Transferred Negation ······ 248
6. Scope of Negation 249
09 Pro-forms and Ellipsis · 250
1. Pro-forms ····· 250
⑴ One as pro-form ··········· 250
⑵ Do it, do that, do so · 251
⑶ So and not as pro-forms for object that-clause 252
2. Elliptical noun phrases ···· 252
10 Inversion ·········· 253
1. Subject-Auxiliary Inversion ······· 253
⑴ So+S+V vs. So+V+S ·· 253
⑵ Negative adverb +V+S ··········· 254
2. Subject-Verb Inversion ··· 254
11 Coordination · 255
1. Combinatory and Segregatory Coordination of NPs ······ 255
2. Indicators of segregatory meaning ···· 256
12 Multiword Verbs ··· 257
1. The Distinction between Prepositional Verbs and Phrasal Verbs ···· 257
2. Separable and Inseparable Phrasal Verbs 259
⑴ Separable phrasal verbs ·········· 259
⑵ Inseparable phrasal verbs ······· 259
⑶ Permanently separated phrasal verbs ········· 260
13 Dative Alternation ··········· 261
1. Subcategorization of English Verbs that Take Indirect Objects ········ 261
2. Semantics Governing Postverbal Position for Indirect Objects ········· 262
3. The Ambiguity of For Phrases · 262
4. Conditions on Indirect Object Alternation ··· 263
⑴ End-focus principle ······ 264
⑵ End-weight principle ··· 264
⑶ Verbs that Are Restricted to One Pattern ··········· 265
14 Constructions ·········· 266
1. Cleft and Pseudo-cleft Sentences ····· 266
⑴ Structure ·· 266
⑵ Clefting is a presupposition trigger ··········· 266
⑶ Ambiguity ··········· 266
2. Existential Sentences ······ 268
⑴ Indefinite NPs: ·· 268
preference for the existential over the non-existential
⑵ Displaced definite NPs ··········· 269
3. Tough Movement ·· 271
⑴ Object-to-Subject Raising (Tough Movement) ···· 271
⑵ Subject-to-Subject Raising ····· 272

Chapter 05 Semantics & Pragmatics
01 Referential Semantics · 277
1. Reference vs. Referent ·· 277
2. Anaphora vs. Cataphora 277
02 Lexical Relations ·· 278
1. Synonymy ···· 278
2. Antonymy ····· 278
⑴ Complementary [Binary] antonyms 278
⑵ Gradable antonyms ······ 278
⑶ Reverses ··· 279
⑷ Converses [Relational opposites] ····· 280
3. Hyponymy ···· 281
4. Different Meanings: Homonymy ········· 281
5. Related Meanings: Polysemy ·· 282
03 Sentential Relations ······ 282
1. Entailment ···· 282
2. Presupposition ······· 283
⑴ “Constancy Under Negation” Test · 284
3. Presupposition Triggers · 285
⑴ Wh-question ······· 285
⑵ Factive predicates vs. Non-factive predicates ····· 286
4. Factive Predicates vs. Non-factive Predicates ····· 286
⑴ Factive Predicates ········· 286
⑵ Non-factive Predicates 287
5. Implicative Verbs ··· 288
04 Deixis [Deictic Expressions] ·········· 289
1. Deictic vs. Non-deictic expressions ··· 290
⑴ Deixis vs. Anaphora ···· 290
05 Cooperative Principle & Conversational Maxims ········ 291
1. Maxim of Quantity · 291
2. Maxim of Quality ··· 292
3. Maxim of Relation · 292
4. Maxim of Manner ·· 292
5. Conversational Implicature ······· 293
⑴ Scalar Implicature (SI) ··········· 294
6. Hedges ·········· 296
06 Speech Acts 301
1. Performative Sentences · 301
2. Three Facets of Speech Acts ·· 302
3. Searle’s Typology of Illocutionary Acts ········ 303
⑴ Representatives ·· 303
⑵ Directives 303
⑶ Commissives ······ 304
⑷ Expressives ········· 304
⑸ Declarations ········ 304
4. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts ········· 305
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