Chapter 01 Theories of Language Acquisition
Check Point 01 First Language Acquisition ········· 12
Check Point 02 Second Language Acquisition ··· 14
Check Point 03 Explicit and Implicit Knowledge ··········· 28
Check Point 04 Kinds of L2 Learning ········ 29
Check Point 05 Comprehensible Input and Comprehensible ·········· 30
Output Hypothesis
Check Point 06 The Negotiation of Meaning ······ 33
Chapter 02 Linguistic Aspects of Second Language
Acquisition
Check Point 07 Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis and 37
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Check Point 08 Restructuring ·· 38
Check Point 09 Feedback in Second Language Learning ··· 39
Check Point 10 Types of Evidence ·· 43
Check Point 11 Error Taxonomy ······· 45
Check Point 12 L1 Transfer ····· 46
Check Point 13 Error Correction Strategies for the Classroom ···· 47
Check Point 14 Foreigner Talk ··········· 48
Check Point 15 The Acquisition of Syntactic Structures ······· 52
Check Point 16 Interlanguage Pragmatics 56
Chapter 03 Cognitive Aspects of Second Language
Acquisition
Check Point 17 Learner Styles ··········· 58
Check Point 18 Field Independent Versus Field Dependent Styles ········ 60
Check Point 19 Left-brain-dominant Versus Right-brain-dominant 62
Styles
Check Point 20 Tolerance of Ambiguity Versus Intolerance ··········· 63
of Ambiguity
Check Point 21 Learning Strategies and Tasks 65
Check Point 22 Communication Strategies ··········· 74
Chapter 04 Affective & Sociocultural Aspects of
Second Language Acquisition
Check Point 23 The Critical Period Hypothesis · 78
Check Point 24 Motivation ········ 79
Check Point 25 Anxiety ·· 80
Check Point 26 Willingness to Communicate ······ 81
Check Point 27 Attribution Theory and Self-Efficacy ··· 81
Check Point 28 Techniques of Culture Teaching ········· 82
in the Second Language Classroom
Check Point 29 Language and Linguistic Relativity ····· 86
Chapter 05 Communicative Competence & Discourse
Analysis
Check Point 30 Communicative Competence ······ 87
Check Point 31 Halliday’s Seven Functions of Language ···· 90
Check Point 32 Discourse Competence ····· 92
Check Point 33 Pragmatic Competence ···· 102
Chapter 06 Language Teaching Methodology
Check Point 34 Approaches to Syllabus Design ·········· 104
Check Point 35 Communicative Language Teaching ·· 112
Check Point 36 Cooperative Language Learning ·········· 115
Check Point 37 Content-based Language Instruction · 118
Check Point 38 Task-based Language Instruction ······· 122
Check Point 39 Project Work ·· 140
Check Point 40 Lexical Approach ····· 143
Check Point 41 Multiple Intelligence Language Teaching ···· 147
Chapter 07 Teaching Grammar
Check Point 42 Approaches to Teaching of Grammar ·········· 149
Check Point 43 Explicit Grammar Instruction and Implicit ··· 151
Grammar Instruction
Check Point 44 Teaching Grammar Techniques/Tasks ········· 152
Chapter 08 Teaching Vocabulary
Check Point 45 Explicit Vocabulary Learning and Incidental ·········· 161
Vocabulary Learning
Check Point 46 Vocabulary Learning Strategies ··········· 162
Check Point 47 Multi-word Units ······· 164
Check Point 48 Corpus Studies ········· 170
Chapter 09 Teaching Pronunciation
Check Point 49 Approaches to Pronunciation Teaching ······· 172
Check Point 50 Teachability - Learnability ··········· 173
Check Point 51 Teaching Pronunciation ···· 174
Chapter 10 Teaching Listening
Check Point 52 Background Knowledge Problems in Listening Skills ··· 182
Check Point 53 Types of Listening Practice ······· 183
Check Point 54 Processes and Functions of Listening ········· 185
Check Point 55 Listening Exercises · 187
Check Point 56 Current Format for Listening Lesson 191
Check Point 57 Using Authentic Materials for Listening ······· 196
Chapter 11 Teaching Reading
Check Point 58 The Schema Theory Model ······· 199
Check Point 59 Reading Processes 201
Check Point 60 Reading Activities in the Classroom · 205
Check Point 61 Reading Activities ···· 206
Check Point 62 Vocabulary Issues in Teaching Reading ···· 210
Check Point 63 Using Authentic Texts for Reading ···· 212
Check Point 64 Fluent Reading ········· 213
Check Point 65 Approaches to Teaching Beginning Reading ······· 216
Chapter 12 Teaching Speaking
Check Point 66 Types of Speaking Events ········· 218
Check Point 67 Classroom Speaking Activities ·· 219
Check Point 68 Developing Fluency in Speaking ········· 230
Check Point 69 Developing Fluency through Task Repetition ······· 231
Chapter 13 Teaching Writing
Check Point 70 Writing as Process and Writing as Product ········· 233
Check Point 71 Process Writing ········ 234
Check Point 72 Responding to Student Writing 238
Check Point 73 Online Writing ··········· 241
Check Point 74 Types of Classroom Writing Performance · 243
Chapter 14 Computer-assisted Language Learning
Check Point 75 Corpus Linguistics and Focus on Grammar ········· 247
Check Point 76 CALL Activities ········· 250
Check Point 77 Ways to Use a Corpus with Language Learners ·········· 256
Chapter 15 Language Assessment
Check Point 78 Qualities of Language Tests ····· 259
Check Point 79 Types of Language Assessment ········· 264
Check Point 80 Discrete-Point / Integrative and Indirect ········ 266
/ Direct Assessment
Check Point 81 Norm-referenced and Criterion-referenced Testing ········ 270
Check Point 82 Guidelines for Making Multiple-choice Test Tasks ········ 271
Check Point 83 Item Analysis · 279
Check Point 84 Alternative Assessment ···· 283
Check Point 85 Holistic scoring and Analytic scoring 286
Check Point 86 Assessing Reading · 289
Check Point 87 Assessing Listening 293
Check Point 88 Assessing Speaking ··········· 297
