*01 Word-Formation Processes ··· 14
1. 02년 전국 Word-Formation Processes (email, people) ·· 14
2. 07년 전국 Word-Formation Processes (waterbed, NYU …) 18
3. 11년 Word-Formation Processes (raincheck, typewrite …) · 19
*02 The Hierarchical Structure of Derived Words · 20
1. 06년 The Hierarchical Structure of Derived Words (reusable) ··· 20
2. 08년 충남 The Hierarchical Structure of Derived Words ·· 21
(unbuttonable)
*03 Constraints on Derivation 23
1. 06년 전국 Constraints on Derivation (-en suffix) · 23
2. 14년 Constraints on Derivation (-al suffix) 25
*04 Affixes (Derivational vs. Inflectional) ··· 27
1. 13년 Derivational Affixes vs. Inflectional Affixes · 27
*01 Phonemes vs. Allophones ·· 29
1. 05년 전국 Phonemes, Allophones (/p/) 29
2. 17년 Phonics Approach · 30
*02 Distribution of Speech Sounds · 34
1. 12년 Distribution of Speech Sounds 34
(style - latter, seat - sit, economy - economy)
2. 17년 Distribution of Speech Sounds 37
*03 Distinctive Features · 38
1. 16년 Distinctive Feature after /aʊ/ 38
*04 Syllabic Consonants ··· 40
1. 07년 전국 Syllabic Consonants-Syllabic Nasals ·· 40
(charm, chasm, film …)
*05 Syllable Structure · 43
1. 14년 Clear l vs. Dark l - velarization (rhyme) ··· 43
*06 Sonority, SSP & Phonotactics ·· 45
1. 09년 Phonotactics (limp, lint, sink, mend, mind) 45
2. 13년 Sonority Theory (bright, speed, …) ··· 46
*07 Suprasegmentals ·· 49
1. 02년 전국 Errors of Segmentals & Suprasegmentals ·· 49
2. 03년 서울 Segmental & Suprasegmental Levels ·· 50
3. 11년 Phonemic Differences of Vowels & Accuracy ·· 52
*08 Stress ··· 54
1. 00년 Sentence Stress (What did you buy at the market?) · 54
2. 03년 전국 Stress in Compounds (English teacher) ·· 57
3. 05년 전국 Emphatic Stress ··· 60
(Peter met Jennifer in his office, too.)
4. 06년 서울 Pronunciation of Function Words · 62
(Tom watched her last night.)
5. 07년 서울 Word Stress Placement (ballot, exclude, attract …) ··· 64
6. 08년 충청 Word Stress Placement (bonanza, resurrect, cinema …) ·· 67
7. 10년 Stress-Shifting Suffixes & Syllable Weight 68
(homonymy, contextual, …)
8. 16년 Stress-Shifting Suffixes and Stress-Neutral Suffixes ··· 72
*09 Intonation ··· 73
1. 04년 전국 The Attitudinal Function of Intonation (rude) ·· 73
2. 08년 전국 The Attitudinal Function of Intonation ··· 74
(Did Tom cook Dinner?)
3. 12년 Intonation Patterns & Speaker’s Intention (Do I KNOW him?) ·· 76
*10 Phonological Processes ··· 78
1. 02년 전국 Phonological Processes [maytfθɔ:t] · 78
2. 07년 전국 Phonological Processes - Palatalization ·· 79
(Hi, would you do me a favor?)
3. 08년 충청 Phonological Processes - Regressive Assimilation, ··· 81
Flapping, CCR (green car, send Susan …)
4. 09년 모고 Phonological Rules [Processes] · 90
(/t/-deletion in /-nt-/, flapping)
5. 09년 Syllabic Consonant [ḷ] and Total Assimilation ·· 91
(middle, pet cat, channel, good boy, ten cooks)
6. 10년 Negative prefix in-: Place vs. Manner Assimilation 93
(illogical, immature, …)
7. 11년 Phonological Rules - Aspiration, Dissimilation, Deletion · 94
(key, similar, kids, sign)
8. 12년 Phonological Processes - Palatalization 96
(delusion, follows you …)
9. 13년 Phonological Processes - Neutralization (Glottalization) ··· 97
(tip, pit, kick / pin, pen)
10. 16년 Phonological Processes - Flapping (autumn, riddle, …) ·· 98
11. 17년 Vowel Reduction & [ɪ] 100
12. 17년 Schwa Deletion (principal vs. principality) ·· 103
*11 Phonological Rules · 104
1. 15년 Glottal Stop (Batman, butler, atrocious, …) ··· 104
2. 15년 Yod-Dropping 106
*12 Etc. 108
1. 02년 서울 Quality Difference between Long Vowels 108
and Short Vowels
2. 05년 서울 Plural suffix -s [-əz] & Natural Class ·· 109
3. 05년 전국 Foot ·· 110
(Practice the sentences using natural rhythm and stress.)
4. 11년 Slips of Tongue [Speech Errors] (cuff of coffee) ·· 112
5. 17년 Trisyllabic Laxing 114
*01 Anomaly & Selectional Restriction · 116
1. 02년 전국 Selectional Restriction and Figurative Words ·· 116
(rubs, licked, lingered)
*02 Lexical Relations ··· 117
1. 07년 전국 Gradable Adjectives - Markedness ·· 117
(How long, How short …?)
2. 08년 전국 Depth of Word Knowledge (dude-guy-man) 118
3. 11년 Lexical Relations - Antonymy (husband/wife, fold/unfold) · 119
*03 Sentence Relations · 122
1. 06년 서울 Implicative Verbs (manage vs. try) ·· 122
2. 06년 전국 Factive Predicates (Presupposition Triggers) ··· 125
vs. Non-factive Predicates
3. 10년 Entailment (John met with some of the delegates.) ·· 127
*04 Deixis ··· 131
1. 10년 Deixis - Deictic Shifting (John told me that _______) ··· 131
*05 Conversational Maxims & Implicatures ·· 134
1. 01년 Conversational Maxims and Conversational Implicatures 134
(Can I get a ride with you?)
2. 03년 전국 Speaker’s Meaning · 135
(Grandma, my teacher always says …)
3. 04년 서울 Implicature (Arnold will infer from …) · 136
4. 09년 Conversational Maxims & Speech Act · 137
(Isn’t it too cold in here?)
5. 13년 Scalar Implicatures (Two or three did very well.) 140
*06 Speech Acts · 143
1. 98년 Speech Acts (I wonder if you could show me the picture.) ··· 143
2. 03년 서울 Indirect request 144
(Would you mind telling me what time you close tonight?)
3. 04년 서울 Indirectness ··· 145
(Indirectness itself does not reflect powerlessness.)
4. 04년 전국 Speech Acts (Illocutionary Force) 146
(I have two tickets for the theater tonight)
5. 07년 서울 Speech Act (Locutionary vs. Illocutionary Act) ·· 147
(Kennst du das Land, wo die Zitromen blühen?)
6. 08년 전국 Indirect Speech Act (Indirect Directives - 5 Groups) 150
7. 12년 Direct vs. Indirect Speech Act (I declare the meeting open.) ··· 153
*07 Etc. 154
1. 06년 전국 [Cleft] Information Structure & Word Order ··· 154
(No, it was Sally that ~)
*01 Grammar Mistakes ·· 155
1. 00년 Determiner (my this book, the all three boys) 155
2. 04년 전국 Konglish · 156
3. 04년 서울 Konglish & Subjunctive ··· 157
4. 05년 서울 A grammar mistake (despite -ing) 158
5. 05년 전국 A grammar mistake 어법에 어긋난 수식어 · 159
(형용사 혹은 부사)
6. 07년 전국 Grammar mistakes (Her eyes opened widely) · 160
*02 Aspect ·· 161
1. 01년 Perception Verbs - Progressive ✕ (know, resemble) ·· 161
2. 09년 [논술] Stative and Dynamic Verbs (know vs. wipe) 164
*03 Lexical Aspects of Verbs · 166
1. 11년 [논술] Lexical Aspects of Verbs · 166
(for two weeks vs. in two weeks)
2. 16년 Lexical Aspects of Verbs ··· 168
(built the barn, reached the summit, …)
*04 Passive Voice · 178
1. 06년 전국 정동사 vs. 준동사 / 수동태 178
2. 11년 Passive Only ··· 179
*05 Ergative Verbs [Unaccusative Verbs] ·· 180
1. 10년 [논술] Ergative verbs & resultative phrases (It was dropped) ·· 180
2. 17년 Unaccusative Verbs + there inversion ·· 183
*06 Adverbials · 186
1. 12년 Style Disjuncts vs. Content Disjuncts (Briefly vs. Wisely) ··· 186
2. 15년 Adverb Types (usually vs. carefully) 189
*07 Multiword Verbs · 291
1. 10년 Prepositional Verb Passivization 191
2. 11년 Separable and Inseparable Phrasal Verbs 194
(look into vs. look up)
*08 Tough Movement · 198
1. 05년 전국 Tough Movement ··· 198
(impossible 같은 형용사 3개를 고르시오)
2. 10년 Tough Movement (To be with Margaret is a blessing.) · 200
*09 Relative Clauses ··· 202
1. 12년 Determiner and Modifier (the detergent glass container) ·· 202
2. 13년 [논술] Restrictive vs. Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses 204
3. 14년 to-infinitives interpreted as relative clauses (places to stay) · 208
*10 Existential Sentences 209
1. 09년 Existential Sentences (There suddenly disappeared a parrot.) · 209
2. 12년 [논술] Tough Movement / Information Structure · 212
/ Existential Sentences
*11 Inversion 216
1. 09년 모고 [Inversion] Information Structure & Word Order ··· 216
2. 13년 So+S+V vs. So+V+S ·· 220
*12 Etc. 221
1. 02년 전국 Tag Questions ·· 221
2. 05년 전국 Anaphoric vs. Cataphoric Reference ·· 221
(She examined the patient, and then the doctor ~)
3. 08년 전국 Nominalization (the destruction of the city by the enemy) ·· 223
4. 17년 The Uses of the Definite Article · 224
*01 Ambiguity ··· 225
1. 07년 전국 Ambiguity · 225
(The cowboy rode the horse from the town with spirit)
2. 11년 Ambiguity - Structural Ambiguity · 226
(gave her dog biscuits, told the teacher that he ran into something)
3. 15년 Lexico-Syntactic Ambiguity (Mary saw John’s nose ring) ··· 230
*02 Constituency Tests ·· 232
1. 01년 Constituency Tests - Topicalization (your little brother) ··· 232
2. 06년 전국 Constituency Tests - Movement/Preposing ··· 233
(~ the sculpture into the museum)
3. 14년 Constituency Tests - Movement & Substitution ··· 234
(your receipt of my application)
*03 Binding Theory ··· 236
1. 09년 모고 Binding Theory + Raising vs. Control (believe vs. want) 236
2. 13년 Binding Theory - Binding Constraint & Locality Constraint ··· 238
(each other)
3. 15년 Binding Theory - Locality Constraint [the smallest (clause)] ·· 244
4. 17년 Binding Theory - a ternary/binary tree & each other ··· 246
*04 Complements vs. Adjuncts · 248
1. 03년 전국 Clausal Complements vs. Clausal Adjuncts ·· 248
(the claim that ~)
2. 06년 서울 Complements and Adjuncts in NPs & Ambiguity ·· 250
(a teacher of children from America)
3. 08년 충청 Complements and Adjuncts in NPs (Coordination) ··· 252
4. 09년 Complements vs. Adjuncts ··· 254
(views about, observation of, observant of)
5. 09년 Complements and Adjuncts in NPs - one‑substitution 256
6. 10년 Complements and Adjuncts in NPs ··· 258
(a student in London of linguistics)
7. 16년 Complements and Adjuncts in NPs & Wh-movement 260
*05 Complementizers · 266
1. 05년 전국 Complementizer whether vs. if (의문부사 or 보문소) · 266
*06 Raising vs. Control ·· 269
1. 06년 전국 Raising Predicates (sure vs. probable) 269
2. 07년 서울 Raising Predicates (be likely, be believed) 270
3. 09년 Raising vs. Control (be said vs. be told) ·· 272
4. 12년 Raising vs. Control (appear to do vs. plan to do) ·· 276
*07 Infinitival Complementation [Verb Complementation] 278
1. 07년 전국 Infinitival Complementation (believe vs. tell) · 278
2. 13년 Infinitival Complements 284
(V + NP + to-inf vs. V + for NP + to-inf)
*08 Prepositional Verbs vs. Phrasal Verbs 286
1. 00년 Phrasal Verbs vs. Prepositional Verbs (get off vs. put off) ··· 286
*09 Case Theory 290
1. 07년 서울 parrotfish and goby - the oblique case 290
2. 08년 충청 Case Theory (비문 고르고 이유 설명) ··· 291
3. 10년 Choose caseless NPs (The city’s recent dumping ~) ··· 295
*10 Etc. 297
1. 04년 전국 prefer 용례 (subcategorization) ·· 297
2. 14년 Thematic Roles (A brick smashed the window.) ·· 298